Pro Comp Domain Objectives

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Objectives Linked ActivitiesMcMaster Program Competencies

Effective Communication

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Illustrate how being a good communicator is a core clinical skill for physicians, and how effective physician-patient communication can foster patient satisfaction, physician satisfaction, adherence and improved clinical outcomes (CanMEDS 2015).

PC Session: Communication Skills 1
This session will provide students with their first opportunity to work with Standardized Patients while developing their communication skills.
PC Session: Communication Skills 2
This is the second session during which students will practice communicating with Standardized Patients.
PC Session: Communication Skills 3
In this session and the second one later in MF3, students will explore the last three essential tasks/skills in reasonable depth and gradually refine them with increasing complexity as they move through the Program.
PC Session: Communication Skills 4
During this session, students will demonstrate the ability to apply the final three elements of the Kalamazoo Guidelines for Effective Communication. Elements include: Sharing information, reaching agreement, providing closure.
PC Session: Serious Illness Conversations
Students will be introduced to the SPIKES protocol. During tutorial students will practice the application of the SPIKES protocol using role plays .
1.1 Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their health through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
4.1 Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public, as appropriate, across a broad range of socioeconomic and sociocultural backgrounds
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses

Demonstrate how to perform the basic communication and interpersonal skills that are required to accomplish each of the specific and discrete tasks defined in the Kalamazoo Consensus Statements. (1999, 2002).

PC Session: Communication Skills 1
This session will provide students with their first opportunity to work with Standardized Patients while developing their communication skills.
PC Session: Communication Skills 2
This is the second session during which students will practice communicating with Standardized Patients.
PC Session: Communication Skills 3
In this session and the second one later in MF3, students will explore the last three essential tasks/skills in reasonable depth and gradually refine them with increasing complexity as they move through the Program.
PC Session: Communication Skills 4
During this session, students will demonstrate the ability to apply the final three elements of the Kalamazoo Guidelines for Effective Communication. Elements include: Sharing information, reaching agreement, providing closure.
1.1 Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their health through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
4.1 Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public, as appropriate, across a broad range of socioeconomic and sociocultural backgrounds
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses

Demonstrate the specific skills for interacting with and responding to patients who present moderate communication challenges (anger; anxiety; values different from the students’ own).

PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
1.1 Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their health through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
4.1 Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public, as appropriate, across a broad range of socioeconomic and sociocultural backgrounds
4.3 Demonstrate sensitivity, honesty, and compassion in difficult conversations, including those about death, end of life, adverse events, bad news, disclosure of errors, and other sensitive topics
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses

Demonstrate how to develop with patients, families, and other professionals a common understanding on issues and a shared plan of care, as defined by the Kalamazoo Consensus Statements. (CanMEDS 2015).

PC Session: Brain Death and Organ Donation
At the end of this session, students will be able to: Describe their role and responsibility as physicians with respect to potential organ donors; Describe how the Trillium Gift of Life program supports organ donation; Better manage sensitive communications about brain death and organ donation drawing on SPIKES guidelines; Recognize that circumstances, past experiences, and/or values may render discussions of brain death and organ donation difficult for families and health care professionals.
1.1 Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their health through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
1.8 Provide appropriate referral of patients including ensuring continuity of care throughout transitions between providers or settings, and following up on patient progress and outcomes
4.1 Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public, as appropriate, across a broad range of socioeconomic and sociocultural backgrounds
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses

Demonstrate how to communicate orally, in written form, and via information databases when collaborating as a member of a multidisciplinary healthcare team on the health of a patient.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
1.8 Provide appropriate referral of patients including ensuring continuity of care throughout transitions between providers or settings, and following up on patient progress and outcomes
3.1 Solicit and respond to feedback from peers, teachers, supervisors, patients, families, and members of health care teams regarding one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
3.7 Use information technology and information systems to optimize patient care

Demonstrate how to communicate about medicine and science in a variety of contexts and appropriately for the given audience, setting, and information being presented.

3.7 Use information technology and information systems to optimize patient care
4.1 Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public, as appropriate, across a broad range of socioeconomic and sociocultural backgrounds

Summarize the concepts, principles, and research evidence that support the importance and efficacy of developing communication and interpersonal skills in medicine.

PC Session: Communication Skills 1
This session will provide students with their first opportunity to work with Standardized Patients while developing their communication skills.
PC Session: Communication Skills 2
This is the second session during which students will practice communicating with Standardized Patients.
PC Session: Communication Skills 3
In this session and the second one later in MF3, students will explore the last three essential tasks/skills in reasonable depth and gradually refine them with increasing complexity as they move through the Program.
PC Session: Communication Skills 4
During this session, students will demonstrate the ability to apply the final three elements of the Kalamazoo Guidelines for Effective Communication. Elements include: Sharing information, reaching agreement, providing closure.
PC Session: Serious Illness Conversations
Students will be introduced to the SPIKES protocol. During tutorial students will practice the application of the SPIKES protocol using role plays .
3.1 Solicit and respond to feedback from peers, teachers, supervisors, patients, families, and members of health care teams regarding one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
4.3 Demonstrate sensitivity, honesty, and compassion in difficult conversations, including those about death, end of life, adverse events, bad news, disclosure of errors, and other sensitive topics
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Demonstrate the acquisition of communications skills (defined by the Kalamazoo Consensus Statements as a set of conscious and behavioural norms) required to build a therapeutic relationship, to conduct an interview with a patient, to communicate about a patient, and to communicate about medicine and science.

PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Serious Illness Conversations
Students will be introduced to the SPIKES protocol. During tutorial students will practice the application of the SPIKES protocol using role plays .
1.1 Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their health through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
3.1 Solicit and respond to feedback from peers, teachers, supervisors, patients, families, and members of health care teams regarding one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
3.7 Use information technology and information systems to optimize patient care
4.3 Demonstrate sensitivity, honesty, and compassion in difficult conversations, including those about death, end of life, adverse events, bad news, disclosure of errors, and other sensitive topics
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses

Medical Decision-Making

By the time of graduation, the student will:

Identify personal limitations in knowledge and pursue the information needed to understand problems and make decisions both in patient care and on the population level.

PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
PC Session: Using Evidence-Based Medicine at Point of Care Part 2
Practice advising a patient on the risks and benefits of screening, using screening mammography as an example. Use differing approaches to the decision making process (including paternalism and shared decision making), to understand how different approaches may lead to different decisions. Be aware of the “framing effect” and how it might affect the way a patient is advised of the research evidence.
Watching a Video: Diagnostic Studies
Three things you need to know about Diagnostic Interventions: 1. Validity– How do you know if the results from a diagnostic test are believable? 2. Results – What are the properties of a test? 3. Applicability – How should you apply test results to clinical decision making?
1.2 Organize and prioritize responsibilities to provide care that is safe, effective, and efficient
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.6 Perform or assist with medical, diagnostic, and surgical procedures considered essential for the area of practice.
1.7 Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-making
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
8.5 Recognize that ambiguity is part of clinical health care and respond by utilizing appropriate resources in dealing with uncertainty

Search for and organize essential and accurate research evidence.

PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
PC Session: Using Evidence-Based Medicine at Point of Care Part 2
Practice advising a patient on the risks and benefits of screening, using screening mammography as an example. Use differing approaches to the decision making process (including paternalism and shared decision making), to understand how different approaches may lead to different decisions. Be aware of the “framing effect” and how it might affect the way a patient is advised of the research evidence.
1.3 Interpret laboratory data, imaging studies, and other tests required for the area of practice
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.7 Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-making
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
2.3 Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other aspects of evidence-based healthcare
2.4 Apply principles of epidemiological sciences to the identification of health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resource allocation, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for patients and populations
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes
4.2 Participate in the education of patients, families, students, trainees, peers and other health professionals
7.4 Demonstrate the ability to consult with and to other health professionals

Appraise, incorporate principles of resource stewardship to, and apply acquired knowledge into medical decision-making.

PC Session: Foundations of Resource Stewardship
Resource Stewardship is a complex concept and skill set that is necessary for effective and efficient medical care. Some principles from the Choosing Wisely initiative and inherent in the medical practice of resource stewardship will be covered.
PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
PC Session: Using Evidence-Based Medicine at Point of Care Part 2
Practice advising a patient on the risks and benefits of screening, using screening mammography as an example. Use differing approaches to the decision making process (including paternalism and shared decision making), to understand how different approaches may lead to different decisions. Be aware of the “framing effect” and how it might affect the way a patient is advised of the research evidence.
Self-Directed Study: Critical Appraisal Topic
Critical appraisal of the medical literature is an important skill for all health care providers in the management of patients. Given the overwhelming amount of published information available, it is important to apply a systematic approach to help identify high quality evidence that is free of bias and relevant to the patient. Critical appraisal is the process of careful in-depth consideration of study design, its appropriateness, strength, quality and relevance to the clinical question. Potential sources of bias, the appropriateness of the stated results, and analysis of the data need to be thoughtfully examined.
Watching a Video: Critical Appraisal
Increasingly, clinicians rely on formal guidelines. This lecture will discuss how to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations of guidelines using GRADE (grades of recommendation, assessment, development and evaluation).
1.2 Organize and prioritize responsibilities to provide care that is safe, effective, and efficient
1.3 Interpret laboratory data, imaging studies, and other tests required for the area of practice
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.6 Perform or assist with medical, diagnostic, and surgical procedures considered essential for the area of practice.
1.7 Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-making
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
2.3 Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other aspects of evidence-based healthcare
2.4 Apply principles of epidemiological sciences to the identification of health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resource allocation, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for patients and populations
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes
6.7 Incorporate cost, risk-benefit analysis and resource stewardship in patient and/or population-based care.
7.4 Demonstrate the ability to consult with and to other health professionals

Incorporate patient, inter-professional team, and system factors into medical decision-making.

PC Session: Epistemology
This session will introduce the concept of epistemology (the study of knowledge and justified belief). Epistemology asks questions such as how do we know what we know? Where does knowledge come from? What are the sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its limitations? How do we make knowledge?
PC Session: Foundations of Resource Stewardship
Resource Stewardship is a complex concept and skill set that is necessary for effective and efficient medical care. Some principles from the Choosing Wisely initiative and inherent in the medical practice of resource stewardship will be covered.
PC Session: Shared Decision Making
This session focuses on developing skills to engage in Shared Decision Making(SDM) conversations with patients to negotiate their treatment planning. Shared decision making(SDM) is usually defined as conversations physicians have with their patients reviewing relevant evidence from the scientific literature and then sharing in the decision making based on the evidence. This was the original conception of EBM here at McMaster, Dept. of Medicine envisioned by Dr. David Sackett and continued by Dr. Gordon Guyatt. At the McMaster MD program; and in the Professional Competencies curriculum, we build on their rich legacy recognizing that any encounter with our patients will also draw heavily on ethical decision making, anti-oppressive practices, self-awareness/reflection and effective communication skills. Shared Decision Making(SDM) is a complex skill that evolves with lifelong learning and practice across the Clerkship and beyond into the Postgrad. Here our goal is only to provide a survey of some of the relevant literature surrounding SDM, summarize some underlying principles and begin practicing with simulated cases in the Large Group Session and Small Group Sessions.
1.3 Interpret laboratory data, imaging studies, and other tests required for the area of practice
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.6 Perform or assist with medical, diagnostic, and surgical procedures considered essential for the area of practice.
1.7 Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-making
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
2.3 Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other aspects of evidence-based healthcare
2.4 Apply principles of epidemiological sciences to the identification of health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resource allocation, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for patients and populations
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes
4.2 Participate in the education of patients, families, students, trainees, peers and other health professionals
6.7 Incorporate cost, risk-benefit analysis and resource stewardship in patient and/or population-based care.
7.4 Demonstrate the ability to consult with and to other health professionals

Demonstrate active planning for the pursuit of knowledge and lifelong learning to maintain competency.

PC Session: Communication/EBM: Communicating Prognosis
Physicians tend to focus on diagnosis and treatment, while patients care about etiology - "why did this happen to me?" and prognosis - "what will this mean for me?" The evidence around diagnosis and treatment is clearer to collect, evaluate and summarize; gathering the evidence around prognosis, and translating it to apply and communicate it to a particular patient is much trickier. We hope this session will help you to: Answer patients' questions about "What does this mean to me?" (prognosis); Realize that even with evidence there is uncertainty but that information still needs to be communicated; Understand that physicians play a supportive role in interpreting test results, planning the future and monitoring symptoms.
PC Session: Shared Decision Making
This session focuses on developing skills to engage in Shared Decision Making(SDM) conversations with patients to negotiate their treatment planning. Shared decision making(SDM) is usually defined as conversations physicians have with their patients reviewing relevant evidence from the scientific literature and then sharing in the decision making based on the evidence. This was the original conception of EBM here at McMaster, Dept. of Medicine envisioned by Dr. David Sackett and continued by Dr. Gordon Guyatt. At the McMaster MD program; and in the Professional Competencies curriculum, we build on their rich legacy recognizing that any encounter with our patients will also draw heavily on ethical decision making, anti-oppressive practices, self-awareness/reflection and effective communication skills. Shared Decision Making(SDM) is a complex skill that evolves with lifelong learning and practice across the Clerkship and beyond into the Postgrad. Here our goal is only to provide a survey of some of the relevant literature surrounding SDM, summarize some underlying principles and begin practicing with simulated cases in the Large Group Session and Small Group Sessions.
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes

Apply principles of evidence-based and evidence-informed medicine in medical decision-making.

PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
PC Session: Using Evidence-Based Medicine at Point of Care Part 2
Practice advising a patient on the risks and benefits of screening, using screening mammography as an example. Use differing approaches to the decision making process (including paternalism and shared decision making), to understand how different approaches may lead to different decisions. Be aware of the “framing effect” and how it might affect the way a patient is advised of the research evidence.
Watching a Video: Decision Making in Practice
Introduction to different approaches to decision making and clinical practice. Introduce a framework you can follow to apply apply evidence to patients and to make decisions.
1.2 Organize and prioritize responsibilities to provide care that is safe, effective, and efficient
1.3 Interpret laboratory data, imaging studies, and other tests required for the area of practice
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.6 Perform or assist with medical, diagnostic, and surgical procedures considered essential for the area of practice.
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
2.3 Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other aspects of evidence-based healthcare
2.4 Apply principles of epidemiological sciences to the identification of health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resource allocation, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for patients and populations
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes
4.2 Participate in the education of patients, families, students, trainees, peers and other health professionals
6.7 Incorporate cost, risk-benefit analysis and resource stewardship in patient and/or population-based care.
7.4 Demonstrate the ability to consult with and to other health professionals

Demonstrate how to engage in shared decision-making with a patient, group, community, or population.

PC Session: Communication/EBM: Communicating Prognosis
Physicians tend to focus on diagnosis and treatment, while patients care about etiology - "why did this happen to me?" and prognosis - "what will this mean for me?" The evidence around diagnosis and treatment is clearer to collect, evaluate and summarize; gathering the evidence around prognosis, and translating it to apply and communicate it to a particular patient is much trickier. We hope this session will help you to: Answer patients' questions about "What does this mean to me?" (prognosis); Realize that even with evidence there is uncertainty but that information still needs to be communicated; Understand that physicians play a supportive role in interpreting test results, planning the future and monitoring symptoms.
PC Session: Shared Decision Making
This session focuses on developing skills to engage in Shared Decision Making(SDM) conversations with patients to negotiate their treatment planning. Shared decision making(SDM) is usually defined as conversations physicians have with their patients reviewing relevant evidence from the scientific literature and then sharing in the decision making based on the evidence. This was the original conception of EBM here at McMaster, Dept. of Medicine envisioned by Dr. David Sackett and continued by Dr. Gordon Guyatt. At the McMaster MD program; and in the Professional Competencies curriculum, we build on their rich legacy recognizing that any encounter with our patients will also draw heavily on ethical decision making, anti-oppressive practices, self-awareness/reflection and effective communication skills. Shared Decision Making(SDM) is a complex skill that evolves with lifelong learning and practice across the Clerkship and beyond into the Postgrad. Here our goal is only to provide a survey of some of the relevant literature surrounding SDM, summarize some underlying principles and begin practicing with simulated cases in the Large Group Session and Small Group Sessions.
1.2 Organize and prioritize responsibilities to provide care that is safe, effective, and efficient
1.4 Make informed decision about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment
1.5 Develop and carry out patient management plans
1.6 Perform or assist with medical, diagnostic, and surgical procedures considered essential for the area of practice.
1.9 Provide health care services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.2 Apply biomedical scientific principles fundamental to health care for patients and populations.
2.3 Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other aspects of evidence-based healthcare
2.4 Apply principles of epidemiological sciences to the identification of health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resource allocation, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for patients and populations
3.6 Locate, appraise, and incorporate evidence from research related to patients’ health problems and the provision of healthcare
3.9 Continually identify, analyze, and implement new knowledge, guidelines, standards, technologies, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes
4.2 Participate in the education of patients, families, students, trainees, peers and other health professionals

Assess the use of narrative in the process of meaning-making, both for patients and for clinicians.

PC Session: Narrative in Medicine
Stories are the way in which humans make sense of the world and share experience with each other. They are as important in sickness, suffering, recovery, health, and medical practice as in any other area of human life. This session will introduce students to the richness of narrative in medicine.
2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of what knowledge is, the strengths and limitations of different ways of knowing, and how knowledge is created in historical, cultural and social contexts.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.

Moral Reasoning and Ethical Judgment

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Describe how individuals develop capacity for moral thought and how personal values impact on moral reasoning.

PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations
5.8 Balance personal values and beliefs with professional and societal ethics

Employ and critically evaluate ethical theories and principles when exploring learning scenarios and reasoning about ethical challenges in the clinical setting.

PC Session: Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care
Probably some of the most discussed issues in health ethics are raised in the context of end-of-life care. Questions around when to provide or stop treatment and how best to respect individuals' wishes have been debated publicly and personally for generations. In this session you will have a chance to explore some debates around withholding and withdrawing treatment, decision-making and advanced directives and notions of futility or burdensome treatment.
PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
PC Session: Ethics - Confidentiality
Medical students are as responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality as fully licensed professionals are. This session will help you prepare to apply privacy rules and legislation.
PC Session: Ethics - Consent
By the end of this session, students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the concept of informed consent; describe the limitations of informed consent in relation to issues of voluntariness and coercion; explain the relationship between age and capacity for consen
PC Session: Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making Integration
This session has been developed in response to student requests to approach more substantive or challenging ethical dilemmas prior to entering clerkship.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations

Judge when additional expertise is needed in the resolution of ethical choices and where to find appropriate resources (help, laws, policies, etc.) to obtain this help.

PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
PC Session: Ethics - Confidentiality
Medical students are as responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality as fully licensed professionals are. This session will help you prepare to apply privacy rules and legislation.
PC Session: Medical/Legal Issues
Provide an overview of key medico-legal issues. Provide an awareness of your role in mitigating or minimizing risk exposures. Knowledge of where and when to seek assistance should you find yourself in potential risk-laden situations. A reminder to take care of yourself when coping with the stress of patient outcomes, complaints and legal actions.
PC Session: Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making Integration
This session has been developed in response to student requests to approach more substantive or challenging ethical dilemmas prior to entering clerkship.
PC Session: Research Ethics
This session will provide an introduction to ethical concepts in research including case-based exploration of core principles. The rationale and principles for the ethical conduct of clinical research.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations

Apply the McMaster framework for moral reasoning.

PC Session: Ethical Decision-making
In this session you will do two things: 1) discuss codes of medical ethics and the theory that informs them; and 2) become familiar with the Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) Ethics Framework as a tool for analysis of ethical issues and case studies in medical ethics.
PC Session: Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making Integration
This session has been developed in response to student requests to approach more substantive or challenging ethical dilemmas prior to entering clerkship.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations

Demonstrate sensitivity to the value system of patients (colleagues, other health care providers – ethical vs professionalism) and others.

PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
PC Session: Grief
Students will develop an understanding of grief and its diverse forms. Critically examine and reflect on attitudes and beliefs about grief. Develop an appreciation of sociocultural influences on the experience of grief, including grief in the context of COVID-19. Challenge Western concepts of grief and consider cultural variation in the expression and management of grief. Develop an understanding of how to respond to grieving patients.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations
5.8 Balance personal values and beliefs with professional and societal ethics

Identify ethical issues and dilemmas in their own clinical experiences related to patient care, institutional practices and health policies.

PC Session: Boundaries
By the end of this session, you will be able to: 1) Describe the boundaries that have been defined by some of our professional bodies; 2) Begin to define personal boundaries for use in clinical settings; 3) Apply the concepts of boundary issues to common situations faced by physicians.
PC Session: Ethics - Confidentiality
Medical students are as responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality as fully licensed professionals are. This session will help you prepare to apply privacy rules and legislation.
PC Session: Ethics - Consent
By the end of this session, students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the concept of informed consent; describe the limitations of informed consent in relation to issues of voluntariness and coercion; explain the relationship between age and capacity for consen
PC Session: Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making Integration
This session has been developed in response to student requests to approach more substantive or challenging ethical dilemmas prior to entering clerkship.
PC Session: Patient Safety
Patient safety is about managing and reducing risk to ensure that the care patients receive is as safe as possible. In clerkship, students will become actively involved in the delivery of patient care. As members of the health care team, students at the clerkship level need to be aware of key concepts in patient safety. They also need to develop an understanding of how to communicate about patient safety issues to each other, to health care team members and to patients.
PC Session: Research Ethics
This session will provide an introduction to ethical concepts in research including case-based exploration of core principles. The rationale and principles for the ethical conduct of clinical research.
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations

Integrate moral reasoning and judgment with communication, interpersonal, and clinical skills to provide the patients with effective and ethical care.

PC Session: Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care
Probably some of the most discussed issues in health ethics are raised in the context of end-of-life care. Questions around when to provide or stop treatment and how best to respect individuals' wishes have been debated publicly and personally for generations. In this session you will have a chance to explore some debates around withholding and withdrawing treatment, decision-making and advanced directives and notions of futility or burdensome treatment.
PC Session: Ethics - Confidentiality
Medical students are as responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality as fully licensed professionals are. This session will help you prepare to apply privacy rules and legislation.
5.4 Demonstrate respect for patient confidentiality, privacy and autonomy
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations
5.8 Balance personal values and beliefs with professional and societal ethics

Summarize the ethical, legal obligations and duty of care that physicians have for patients, colleagues and, communities, and the tensions that may arise from these responsibilities.

PC Session: Brain Death and Organ Donation
At the end of this session, students will be able to: Describe their role and responsibility as physicians with respect to potential organ donors; Describe how the Trillium Gift of Life program supports organ donation; Better manage sensitive communications about brain death and organ donation drawing on SPIKES guidelines; Recognize that circumstances, past experiences, and/or values may render discussions of brain death and organ donation difficult for families and health care professionals.
PC Session: Ethical Decision-making
In this session you will do two things: 1) discuss codes of medical ethics and the theory that informs them; and 2) become familiar with the Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) Ethics Framework as a tool for analysis of ethical issues and case studies in medical ethics.
PC Session: Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care
Probably some of the most discussed issues in health ethics are raised in the context of end-of-life care. Questions around when to provide or stop treatment and how best to respect individuals' wishes have been debated publicly and personally for generations. In this session you will have a chance to explore some debates around withholding and withdrawing treatment, decision-making and advanced directives and notions of futility or burdensome treatment.
PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
PC Session: Ethics - Confidentiality
Medical students are as responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality as fully licensed professionals are. This session will help you prepare to apply privacy rules and legislation.
PC Session: Ethics - Consent
By the end of this session, students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the concept of informed consent; describe the limitations of informed consent in relation to issues of voluntariness and coercion; explain the relationship between age and capacity for consen
PC Session: Medical/Legal Issues
Provide an overview of key medico-legal issues. Provide an awareness of your role in mitigating or minimizing risk exposures. Knowledge of where and when to seek assistance should you find yourself in potential risk-laden situations. A reminder to take care of yourself when coping with the stress of patient outcomes, complaints and legal actions.
5.4 Demonstrate respect for patient confidentiality, privacy and autonomy
5.7 Demonstrate the application of ethical principles to commonly encountered ethical issues such as the provision or withholding of care, confidentiality, informed consent, and including compliance with relevant laws, policies, and regulations
5.8 Balance personal values and beliefs with professional and societal ethics

Describe the mechanisms for system improvement, including: responsible reporting, whistleblowing, and internal and external approaches.

6.2 Identify aspects of the healthcare system that serve as barriers and enablers of providing healthcare to and optimizing the health of patients and the population
6.8 Participate in identifying system-level gaps and errors and, where appropriate, identify, implement or participate in potential system-level solutions

Demonstrate awareness of how social contexts and epistemological perspective, such as privilege and power, contribute to uncertainty and ethical challenges in practice.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Anti-Black Racism and Black Exclusion in Medicine
The purpose of this session is to explore the dimensions of white supremacy, anti-black racism and black exclusion in medicine.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making Integration
This session has been developed in response to student requests to approach more substantive or challenging ethical dilemmas prior to entering clerkship.
5.10 Manage conflicts of interest and dual relationships.
8.5 Recognize that ambiguity is part of clinical health care and respond by utilizing appropriate resources in dealing with uncertainty

Population Health and its Determinants

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Define and discuss concepts of health, wellness, illness, disease, and sickness (including WHO and Health Canada definitions, Lalond Report, Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion).

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework

Know how to access and collect health information to describe the health status of a population.

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care

Describe the types of data and common components (both quantitative and qualitative) used in creating a community needs assessment.

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care

Describe the determinants of health and how the differential distribution of these determinants influences health status (health gradient) both within and between populations.

Active Large Group Session: Code Red
In 2010 Dr Neil Johnston collaborated with a journalist from the Hamilton Spectator to produce an award-winning series of investigative reports which shone the spotlight on social and health inequities across Hamilton neighbourhoods. His writing and advocacy have influenced health and education sectors, as well as policy makers.
PC Session: Developmental Disabilities
The developmental disabilities session is designed to generate more capable (comfortable, confident and competent) physicians and partners in person and family - centred care to people with developmental disabilities.
PC Session: Health Inequities: Early Childhood Development
In this session, we will continue the conversation on the complex topic of the Social Determinants of Health with a focus on early childhood.
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care

Illustrate how diverse factors (sociocultural, psychological, economic, occupational, environmental, legal, political, spiritual, and technological) interact to influence the health of an individual and the population.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Caring for an Aging Population
This session will provide a population health overview of the key issues related to the aging population as well as highlight the knowledge and skills that physicians need to deal ethically and professionally with older adults.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Grief
Students will develop an understanding of grief and its diverse forms. Critically examine and reflect on attitudes and beliefs about grief. Develop an appreciation of sociocultural influences on the experience of grief, including grief in the context of COVID-19. Challenge Western concepts of grief and consider cultural variation in the expression and management of grief. Develop an understanding of how to respond to grieving patients.
PC Session: Health Inequities: Early Childhood Development
In this session, we will continue the conversation on the complex topic of the Social Determinants of Health with a focus on early childhood.
PC Session: HEART
Health and Equity through Advocacy, Research and Theatre (HEART). HEART is a medical student-led, inter-professional education program which aims to improve health care for marginalized populations through the use of simulation-based learning and participatory theatre.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework
8.5 Recognize that ambiguity is part of clinical health care and respond by utilizing appropriate resources in dealing with uncertainty

Plan and advocate for an appropriate course of action at both the individual- and population-level that responds to the diverse factors influencing their health.

Active Large Group Session: Code Red
In 2010 Dr Neil Johnston collaborated with a journalist from the Hamilton Spectator to produce an award-winning series of investigative reports which shone the spotlight on social and health inequities across Hamilton neighbourhoods. His writing and advocacy have influenced health and education sectors, as well as policy makers.
PC Session: Health Inequities: Early Childhood Development
In this session, we will continue the conversation on the complex topic of the Social Determinants of Health with a focus on early childhood.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
Watching a Video: Surveillance: Data for Action
Historical context of surveillance of public health. Definition and key principles of surveillance. Surveillance systems. Surveillance is the collection and analysis of data for action. There are many complementary surveillance systems in place in Canada to inform action.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care

Describe approaches and challenges to working with different vulnerable populations to improve their health. (ex. people experiencing homelessness; people at extremes of the age continuum).

PC Session: Caring for an Aging Population
This session will provide a population health overview of the key issues related to the aging population as well as highlight the knowledge and skills that physicians need to deal ethically and professionally with older adults.
PC Session: HEART
Health and Equity through Advocacy, Research and Theatre (HEART). HEART is a medical student-led, inter-professional education program which aims to improve health care for marginalized populations through the use of simulation-based learning and participatory theatre.
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
PC Session: Trauma Informed Care
This session will introduce the concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care to medical students. This session emphasizes the importance of identifying trauma and the impact on health. It builds on and extends the skills learned in the communication domain and reinforces concepts from the session on narrative medicine by emphasizing the importance of respectful and effective interactions with trauma survivors and helping students to appreciate the healing power in these interactions.
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework

Identify the ways in which health systems (federal, provincial, municipal, private, non-governmental) can address structural barriers to reduce inequities in health status between population groups.

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
6.1 Understand the systems of healthcare, including federal, provincial, municipal and local, and the influences they have on the health of individuals and populations

Describe the role that physicians can play in promoting health and preventing diseases at the individual and population level.

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework

Describe the professional responsibility of the physician as Health Advocate in advancing the health and well-being of individuals, communities and populations.

PC Session: Global Health
This session will introduce you to the major factors that influence the health of populations worldwide and the complexity of global health issues and ethics.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
6.3 Advocate for quality patient care and optimal patient care systems that support patient- and population-centred care that is safe, timely, efficient, effective, and equitable
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework

Understand how public policy can influence community-wide patterns of behaviour and affect the health of a population.

PC Session: Intro to Canadian Health Care System
Health care systems are complex organizations comprising regulatory, funding and service provision bodies that provide access to health care in accordance with societal goals and values. This session will introduce students to the organization of the Canadian health care system, the principles of the Canada Health Act and some of the current issues and debates regarding funding and health care costs.
PC Session: Introduction to Population Health
This session will explore a population health approach to addressing health issues with a focus on health promotion and illness prevention.
PC Session: Planetary Health
The World Health Organization has declared climate change as the single greatest health threat facing humanity. Healthcare providers are already seeing the downstream consequences of the climate emergency in their clinical practices (worsening heat-related illness, injuries due to extreme weather events, exacerbation of respiratory disease, etc)
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
6.4 Apply concepts of global health and social medicine to the health of individual patients and populations using the ecology, economy, equity framework

Professionalism and Self-Awareness

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Describe professionalism as it applies to medical student practice, including formal education and clinical experiences and informal functioning within the Faculty of Health Sciences.

Large Group Session: Professionalism Session 1: Intro to Professionalism in Practice
An introduction to the Professionalism in Practice document.
PC Session: Hidden Curriculum
Define the concept of the “Hidden Curriculum.” Reflect on what forces allow the Hidden Curriculum to exist. Develop strategies to address Hidden Curriculum. Understand the impact of the Hidden curriculum on patients, learners and the healthcare system in general.
5.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession
5.10 Manage conflicts of interest and dual relationships.
5.11 Demonstrate trustworthiness and reliability that makes colleagues feel secure when one is responsible for the care of patients
5.12 Present oneself professionally to patients, families, and members of the health care team
5.3 Demonstrate altruism, appropriately balancing patient needs and self-interest/self-care
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
8.2 Practice flexibility and maturity in adjusting to change with the capacity to alter one’s behaviour
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Illustrate strategies to cope adaptively with stresses likely to occur during medical training and practice.

Large Group Session: Physician Humanity Panel #4 (Archived)
War Stories from the Trenches of Medicine
PC Session: Being Human in Medicine
The learning objectives for this session are for students to: 1) recognize physician vulnerability and relate to personal vulnerability; 2) list personal, local, provincial and web-based resources for self care; 3) recognize and practice reaching out to colleague in need.
PC Session: Experiential Wellness Day
Each group gets the opportunity to develop their own experiential wellness event -- in essence an open session that is Wellness focused. Your group should plan your activity well in advance of the date. Be creative! As you have been learning, wellness in action takes many forms; Nutrition, Physical, Sleep, Spiritual, Community, Social, Financial, Emotional.
PC Session: From White Coat to Blue Gown
This session highlights concepts and competencies covering end of life care, professionalism/self-awareness and self-care/compassion in Barbara Tatham’s journey from a physician to patient through to her final stages of comfort measures and palliative care.
PC Session: Physician Humanity Panel #3 - The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Career Selection
This session will focus on aspects of career exploration and choice, touching upon themes related to challenges and influences on discipline choice, and changing discipline choice late in medical school or after a CaRMS non-match or in/after residency.
PC Session: Self Care: Striving and Thriving, Not Merely Surviving
This session provides an introduction to self-care for medical students.
3.2 Integrate feedback, external measures of performance and reflective practices to identify strengths, deficiencies, and limits in one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
3.4 Identify and perform learning activities that address one’s gaps in knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.3 Demonstrate altruism, appropriately balancing patient needs and self-interest/self-care
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
8.1 Demonstrate healthy coping mechanisms to respond to stress
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Employ value constructs foundational to the practice of medicine and the delivery of health care, including constructs related to vulnerable and marginalized populations and to the recognition of cultural diversity (using a broad definition and understanding of culture).

PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
5.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession
5.10 Manage conflicts of interest and dual relationships.
5.12 Present oneself professionally to patients, families, and members of the health care team
5.3 Demonstrate altruism, appropriately balancing patient needs and self-interest/self-care

Contrast organizational structures applied within institutions and agencies accountable for the delivery of health care.

PC Session: Intro to Canadian Health Care System
Health care systems are complex organizations comprising regulatory, funding and service provision bodies that provide access to health care in accordance with societal goals and values. This session will introduce students to the organization of the Canadian health care system, the principles of the Canada Health Act and some of the current issues and debates regarding funding and health care costs.
5.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession
6.9 Perform administrative and practice management responsibilities commensurate with one’s role, abilities, and qualifications

Employ strategies for successful team functioning as they apply to various learning environments.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and end of MF1 Assessment
Students will be introduced to the Interprofessional Education requirements of the program.
PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
PC Session: Patient Safety
Patient safety is about managing and reducing risk to ensure that the care patients receive is as safe as possible. In clerkship, students will become actively involved in the delivery of patient care. As members of the health care team, students at the clerkship level need to be aware of key concepts in patient safety. They also need to develop an understanding of how to communicate about patient safety issues to each other, to health care team members and to patients.
PC Session: What is Pro Comp?
This session will introduce students to the Professional Competencies course structure and expectations. It will allow students and LFs to start to get to know each other, to begin to form as a group, and to establish norms for working together.
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.10 Manage conflicts of interest and dual relationships.
6.5 Work effectively in various health care delivery settings and systems relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.5 Work with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts

Demonstrate skills of negotiation and conflict resolution.

PC Session: What is Pro Comp?
This session will introduce students to the Professional Competencies course structure and expectations. It will allow students and LFs to start to get to know each other, to begin to form as a group, and to establish norms for working together.
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.10 Manage conflicts of interest and dual relationships.
5.12 Present oneself professionally to patients, families, and members of the health care team
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
6.5 Work effectively in various health care delivery settings and systems relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.5 Work with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts

Describe the range and scope of contemporary medical practice as well as the role of the physician in emerging health care models.

PC Session: Intro to Canadian Health Care System
Health care systems are complex organizations comprising regulatory, funding and service provision bodies that provide access to health care in accordance with societal goals and values. This session will introduce students to the organization of the Canadian health care system, the principles of the Canada Health Act and some of the current issues and debates regarding funding and health care costs.
5.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession
5.11 Demonstrate trustworthiness and reliability that makes colleagues feel secure when one is responsible for the care of patients
6.9 Perform administrative and practice management responsibilities commensurate with one’s role, abilities, and qualifications

Demonstrate management of practice environments, including charting, public reporting expectations, and malpractice risks.

PC Session: Medical/Legal Issues
Provide an overview of key medico-legal issues. Provide an awareness of your role in mitigating or minimizing risk exposures. Knowledge of where and when to seek assistance should you find yourself in potential risk-laden situations. A reminder to take care of yourself when coping with the stress of patient outcomes, complaints and legal actions.
PC Session: Patient Safety
Patient safety is about managing and reducing risk to ensure that the care patients receive is as safe as possible. In clerkship, students will become actively involved in the delivery of patient care. As members of the health care team, students at the clerkship level need to be aware of key concepts in patient safety. They also need to develop an understanding of how to communicate about patient safety issues to each other, to health care team members and to patients.
4.5 Maintain comprehensive, timely, and legible medical records
6.5 Work effectively in various health care delivery settings and systems relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
6.9 Perform administrative and practice management responsibilities commensurate with one’s role, abilities, and qualifications

Demonstrate appropriate behaviours, habits, and skills required for referral and consultation.

PC Session: Medical/Legal Issues
Provide an overview of key medico-legal issues. Provide an awareness of your role in mitigating or minimizing risk exposures. Knowledge of where and when to seek assistance should you find yourself in potential risk-laden situations. A reminder to take care of yourself when coping with the stress of patient outcomes, complaints and legal actions.
PC Session: Patient Safety
Patient safety is about managing and reducing risk to ensure that the care patients receive is as safe as possible. In clerkship, students will become actively involved in the delivery of patient care. As members of the health care team, students at the clerkship level need to be aware of key concepts in patient safety. They also need to develop an understanding of how to communicate about patient safety issues to each other, to health care team members and to patients.
4.5 Maintain comprehensive, timely, and legible medical records
6.5 Work effectively in various health care delivery settings and systems relevant to a variety of clinical specialties

Apply standards of care, institutional policies, and standard operating procedures.

PC Session: Medical/Legal Issues
Provide an overview of key medico-legal issues. Provide an awareness of your role in mitigating or minimizing risk exposures. Knowledge of where and when to seek assistance should you find yourself in potential risk-laden situations. A reminder to take care of yourself when coping with the stress of patient outcomes, complaints and legal actions.
PC Session: Patient Safety
Patient safety is about managing and reducing risk to ensure that the care patients receive is as safe as possible. In clerkship, students will become actively involved in the delivery of patient care. As members of the health care team, students at the clerkship level need to be aware of key concepts in patient safety. They also need to develop an understanding of how to communicate about patient safety issues to each other, to health care team members and to patients.
4.5 Maintain comprehensive, timely, and legible medical records
5.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society, and the profession
5.11 Demonstrate trustworthiness and reliability that makes colleagues feel secure when one is responsible for the care of patients
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
6.9 Perform administrative and practice management responsibilities commensurate with one’s role, abilities, and qualifications

Recognize personal strengths and limitations relevant to one’s practice of medicine.

PC Session: Being Human in Medicine
The learning objectives for this session are for students to: 1) recognize physician vulnerability and relate to personal vulnerability; 2) list personal, local, provincial and web-based resources for self care; 3) recognize and practice reaching out to colleague in need.
3.2 Integrate feedback, external measures of performance and reflective practices to identify strengths, deficiencies, and limits in one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
3.4 Identify and perform learning activities that address one’s gaps in knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes
5.12 Present oneself professionally to patients, families, and members of the health care team
5.3 Demonstrate altruism, appropriately balancing patient needs and self-interest/self-care
8.1 Demonstrate healthy coping mechanisms to respond to stress
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Understand the importance and impact of interpersonal interactions in both professional and personal settings.

PC Session: Boundaries
By the end of this session, you will be able to: 1) Describe the boundaries that have been defined by some of our professional bodies; 2) Begin to define personal boundaries for use in clinical settings; 3) Apply the concepts of boundary issues to common situations faced by physicians.
PC Session: From White Coat to Blue Gown
This session highlights concepts and competencies covering end of life care, professionalism/self-awareness and self-care/compassion in Barbara Tatham’s journey from a physician to patient through to her final stages of comfort measures and palliative care.
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.11 Demonstrate trustworthiness and reliability that makes colleagues feel secure when one is responsible for the care of patients
5.12 Present oneself professionally to patients, families, and members of the health care team
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
7.5 Work with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts

Integrate and apply performance and interpersonal feedback as part of training and practice.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
3.2 Integrate feedback, external measures of performance and reflective practices to identify strengths, deficiencies, and limits in one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
3.4 Identify and perform learning activities that address one’s gaps in knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
8.2 Practice flexibility and maturity in adjusting to change with the capacity to alter one’s behaviour
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Identify and address problems/issues that might affect one’s own health, well-being, or professional capabilities.

Large Group Session: Physician Humanity Panel #2
Why I became a doctor... or NOT. Exploring Different paths' to Happiness.
PC Session: Being Human in Medicine
The learning objectives for this session are for students to: 1) recognize physician vulnerability and relate to personal vulnerability; 2) list personal, local, provincial and web-based resources for self care; 3) recognize and practice reaching out to colleague in need.
PC Session: Experiential Wellness Day
Each group gets the opportunity to develop their own experiential wellness event -- in essence an open session that is Wellness focused. Your group should plan your activity well in advance of the date. Be creative! As you have been learning, wellness in action takes many forms; Nutrition, Physical, Sleep, Spiritual, Community, Social, Financial, Emotional.
PC Session: From White Coat to Blue Gown
This session highlights concepts and competencies covering end of life care, professionalism/self-awareness and self-care/compassion in Barbara Tatham’s journey from a physician to patient through to her final stages of comfort measures and palliative care.
PC Session: Self Care: Striving and Thriving, Not Merely Surviving
This session provides an introduction to self-care for medical students.
3.2 Integrate feedback, external measures of performance and reflective practices to identify strengths, deficiencies, and limits in one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and professional behaviours
4.4 Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interactions, including the ability to manage one’s own interpersonal responses
5.3 Demonstrate altruism, appropriately balancing patient needs and self-interest/self-care
5.9 Maintain appropriate boundaries with patients and other professionals
8.1 Demonstrate healthy coping mechanisms to respond to stress
8.2 Practice flexibility and maturity in adjusting to change with the capacity to alter one’s behaviour
8.3 Develop the ability to use self-awareness of knowledge, skills, and emotional limitation to seek help appropriately

Interprofessional Education

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Contrast a physician’s professional roles, responsibilities, and scope of practice with the respective professional roles, responsibilities, and scopes of practice of other health professionals.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and end of MF1 Assessment
Students will be introduced to the Interprofessional Education requirements of the program.
PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
6.6 Coordinate patient care within the health care system relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.2 Use the knowledge of one’s own role and the roles of other health professionals to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of the patients and populations served

Judge when and how to involve or consult other health professionals in patient care, as appropriate to a health professional’s roles, responsibilities, scope, and competence.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
6.6 Coordinate patient care within the health care system relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.2 Use the knowledge of one’s own role and the roles of other health professionals to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of the patients and populations served

Demonstrate strategies for establishing common goals, continuity of care, and a climate for collaborative practice amongst all participating health professionals in the course of providing care to individuals and their caregivers.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
6.6 Coordinate patient care within the health care system relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.1 Work with other health professionals to establish and maintain a climate of mutual respect, dignity, inclusion, ethical integrity, and trust
7.2 Use the knowledge of one’s own role and the roles of other health professionals to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of the patients and populations served
7.3 Communicate with other health professionals in a responsive and responsible manner that supports the maintenance of health and the provision of healthcare in individual patients and populations
7.6 Participate in different team roles and appropriately apply leadership skills to establish, develop, and continuously enhance team function.

Demonstrate strategies that facilitate appreciation of differences, shared decision-making, and conflict resolution amongst all participating health professionals in the course of providing care to individuals and their caregivers.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
7.1 Work with other health professionals to establish and maintain a climate of mutual respect, dignity, inclusion, ethical integrity, and trust
7.2 Use the knowledge of one’s own role and the roles of other health professionals to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of the patients and populations served
7.3 Communicate with other health professionals in a responsive and responsible manner that supports the maintenance of health and the provision of healthcare in individual patients and populations
7.6 Participate in different team roles and appropriately apply leadership skills to establish, develop, and continuously enhance team function.

Illustrate how a physician’s language and behaviour can facilitate interdependent, appreciative, and trusting working relationships amongst a team of health professionals.

6.6 Coordinate patient care within the health care system relevant to a variety of clinical specialties
7.1 Work with other health professionals to establish and maintain a climate of mutual respect, dignity, inclusion, ethical integrity, and trust
7.6 Participate in different team roles and appropriately apply leadership skills to establish, develop, and continuously enhance team function.

Demonstrate methods for seeking from and offering to other health professionals' feedback that improves the knowledge, work processes, and outcomes of a team of health professionals.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and end of MF1 Assessment
Students will be introduced to the Interprofessional Education requirements of the program.
7.3 Communicate with other health professionals in a responsive and responsible manner that supports the maintenance of health and the provision of healthcare in individual patients and populations

Exhibits a consistent commitment to valuing the expertise, perspectives, co-leadership, and dignity of other health professionals.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
7.1 Work with other health professionals to establish and maintain a climate of mutual respect, dignity, inclusion, ethical integrity, and trust
7.6 Participate in different team roles and appropriately apply leadership skills to establish, develop, and continuously enhance team function.

Demonstrate their capacity to function within inter-professional teams.

PC Session: Inter-professional Education and MF3 Assessment
This session will provide an opportunity for students to explore interprofessional education. Students and LFs should also spend some time providing each other with feedback and the group should consider how well it is functioning and whether improvements could be made.
7.6 Participate in different team roles and appropriately apply leadership skills to establish, develop, and continuously enhance team function.

Social, Cultural and Humanistic Dimensions of Health

Upon completion of the Undergraduate Medical Program, the medical student will be able to competently:

Demonstrate skills for critical intersectional analysis.

PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: LGBTQ2S Health
The purpose of this session is to increase the capacity of medical students to respond compassionately, effectively and professionally to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S patients.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.2 Demonstrate compassion, integrity, and respect for others
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Justify how knowledge from the social sciences and humanities contributes to medical practice.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: History of Medicine
Appreciate a historical perspective for understanding medicine and its relationship to technology, medical education, and the relationship of body to mind; Gain an understanding of how society has viewed and reacted to doctors and medical practice; Learn how medicine has intersected with the law to define the human being; Consider how different theories of the body have produced particular medical procedures, approaches to patients, criminal punishment, and medical ethics.
PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Summarize different “ways of knowing” about the body and how these ways affect the clinical encounter.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Anti-Black Racism and Black Exclusion in Medicine
The purpose of this session is to explore the dimensions of white supremacy, anti-black racism and black exclusion in medicine.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Epistemology
This session will introduce the concept of epistemology (the study of knowledge and justified belief). Epistemology asks questions such as how do we know what we know? Where does knowledge come from? What are the sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its limitations? How do we make knowledge?
PC Session: From White Coat to Blue Gown
This session highlights concepts and competencies covering end of life care, professionalism/self-awareness and self-care/compassion in Barbara Tatham’s journey from a physician to patient through to her final stages of comfort measures and palliative care.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: Shared Decision Making
This session focuses on developing skills to engage in Shared Decision Making(SDM) conversations with patients to negotiate their treatment planning. Shared decision making(SDM) is usually defined as conversations physicians have with their patients reviewing relevant evidence from the scientific literature and then sharing in the decision making based on the evidence. This was the original conception of EBM here at McMaster, Dept. of Medicine envisioned by Dr. David Sackett and continued by Dr. Gordon Guyatt. At the McMaster MD program; and in the Professional Competencies curriculum, we build on their rich legacy recognizing that any encounter with our patients will also draw heavily on ethical decision making, anti-oppressive practices, self-awareness/reflection and effective communication skills. Shared Decision Making(SDM) is a complex skill that evolves with lifelong learning and practice across the Clerkship and beyond into the Postgrad. Here our goal is only to provide a survey of some of the relevant literature surrounding SDM, summarize some underlying principles and begin practicing with simulated cases in the Large Group Session and Small Group Sessions.
PC Session: Spiritual Caregiving
The overarching purpose of this session is sensitize students to the importance of spirituality and spiritual caregiving in health care, and provide resources towards students’ growth-of-capacity in providing a basic level of spiritual care.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Illustrate the difference between disease and illness, and plan an approach to understanding the patient’s illness experience.

PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: From White Coat to Blue Gown
This session highlights concepts and competencies covering end of life care, professionalism/self-awareness and self-care/compassion in Barbara Tatham’s journey from a physician to patient through to her final stages of comfort measures and palliative care.
PC Session: Grief
Students will develop an understanding of grief and its diverse forms. Critically examine and reflect on attitudes and beliefs about grief. Develop an appreciation of sociocultural influences on the experience of grief, including grief in the context of COVID-19. Challenge Western concepts of grief and consider cultural variation in the expression and management of grief. Develop an understanding of how to respond to grieving patients.
PC Session: Narrative in Medicine
Stories are the way in which humans make sense of the world and share experience with each other. They are as important in sickness, suffering, recovery, health, and medical practice as in any other area of human life. This session will introduce students to the richness of narrative in medicine.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
5.2 Demonstrate compassion, integrity, and respect for others
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Analyze and critically reflect on how the impact of physician power and privilege may contribute to disparities through biased care.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Anti-Black Racism and Black Exclusion in Medicine
The purpose of this session is to explore the dimensions of white supremacy, anti-black racism and black exclusion in medicine.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Ethical Issues in Reproductive Health Care
Probably the most sensitive area of health care ethics, human reproduction raises a number of difficult issues. Central of course are challenges raised by the abortion debate. No topic has been more polarized, with so-called pro-choice and pro-life proponents at either end. Somewhere in the middle is a grey zone that merits exploration.
PC Session: Gender in Medicine
Dr. May Cohen is a brilliant Canadian physician and women’s rights trailblazer. For over 60 years, she has advocated powerfully in Canada and internationally for women’s reproductive rights, women’s health and women physicians’ advancement — and in the end, for us all.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: LGBTQ2S Health
The purpose of this session is to increase the capacity of medical students to respond compassionately, effectively and professionally to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S patients.
PC Session: Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
This session provides you with an overview of how to recognize and respond to IPV, including epidemiology, signs and symptoms of exposure, approaches to assessment (including safety) and response (including referrals).
PC Session: Spiritual Caregiving
The overarching purpose of this session is sensitize students to the importance of spirituality and spiritual caregiving in health care, and provide resources towards students’ growth-of-capacity in providing a basic level of spiritual care.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
5.2 Demonstrate compassion, integrity, and respect for others
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.
8.4 Demonstrate awareness and acceptance of different points of view

Develop the attitude and skills for responding to patients with cultural humility.

PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine at Point of Care: Part 1
This session will explore issues related to how we incorporate various pieces of information (i.e. from research, from patients) to make medical decisions.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.2 Demonstrate compassion, integrity, and respect for others
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.
8.4 Demonstrate awareness and acceptance of different points of view

Analyze the influence of gender on health concerns and health care provision.

PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Gender in Medicine
Dr. May Cohen is a brilliant Canadian physician and women’s rights trailblazer. For over 60 years, she has advocated powerfully in Canada and internationally for women’s reproductive rights, women’s health and women physicians’ advancement — and in the end, for us all.
PC Session: LGBTQ2S Health
The purpose of this session is to increase the capacity of medical students to respond compassionately, effectively and professionally to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S patients.
PC Session: Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
This session provides you with an overview of how to recognize and respond to IPV, including epidemiology, signs and symptoms of exposure, approaches to assessment (including safety) and response (including referrals).
PC Session: Trauma Informed Care
This session will introduce the concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care to medical students. This session emphasizes the importance of identifying trauma and the impact on health. It builds on and extends the skills learned in the communication domain and reinforces concepts from the session on narrative medicine by emphasizing the importance of respectful and effective interactions with trauma survivors and helping students to appreciate the healing power in these interactions.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Discuss the historical and contemporary events and the systemic factors influencing current practices and issues regarding Indigenous Health and anti-Indigenous racism, all of which impact current and future practitioners, individuals, and communities.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Identify opportunities to educate and reflect on events of Indigenous self-determination, cultural preservation and growth to foster allyship in Indigenous Healthcare and community settings.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Demonstrate an awareness of key health challenges faced by immigrants and refugees.

PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Poverty and Health
This session is a continuation of our examination of Health Inequities which began with the Code Red presentation in August. It will provide a review of the Social Determinants of Health and consider health indicators, with a special focus on income and social status.
PC Session: Trauma Informed Care
This session will introduce the concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care to medical students. This session emphasizes the importance of identifying trauma and the impact on health. It builds on and extends the skills learned in the communication domain and reinforces concepts from the session on narrative medicine by emphasizing the importance of respectful and effective interactions with trauma survivors and helping students to appreciate the healing power in these interactions.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Recommend responses to key social and cultural factors that lead to poor health outcomes for individuals, families, and communities.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Gender in Medicine
Dr. May Cohen is a brilliant Canadian physician and women’s rights trailblazer. For over 60 years, she has advocated powerfully in Canada and internationally for women’s reproductive rights, women’s health and women physicians’ advancement — and in the end, for us all.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: LGBTQ2S Health
The purpose of this session is to increase the capacity of medical students to respond compassionately, effectively and professionally to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S patients.
PC Session: Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
This session provides you with an overview of how to recognize and respond to IPV, including epidemiology, signs and symptoms of exposure, approaches to assessment (including safety) and response (including referrals).
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Identify the diverse factors (ie. sociocultural, psychological, institutional, economic, occupational, environmental, technological, legal, political and spiritual) that contribute to the systemic marginalization of vulnerable populations and impact health and health care delivery.

PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Anti-Oppressive Practice
This session will assist students to critically analyze the social structures of power and privilege and how these may be operating in ways that marginalize less powerful groups.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
This session provides you with an overview of how to recognize and respond to IPV, including epidemiology, signs and symptoms of exposure, approaches to assessment (including safety) and response (including referrals).
PC Session: Trauma Informed Care
This session will introduce the concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care to medical students. This session emphasizes the importance of identifying trauma and the impact on health. It builds on and extends the skills learned in the communication domain and reinforces concepts from the session on narrative medicine by emphasizing the importance of respectful and effective interactions with trauma survivors and helping students to appreciate the healing power in these interactions.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.

Plan socially-just courses of action in order to respond to the diverse factors that intersect and overlap to influence the health of the individuals, families and communities.

PC Session: Medical Colonialism and Access to Healthcare for Indigenous People
Residential school system and current impacts of health care access for Indigenous people. Colonialism - Residential School Experience.
PC Session: Addictions
This session focuses on the complex psychosocial issues that underlie addictions and is designed to complement your knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction. This session builds on your understanding of trauma as there is a strong connection between trauma and addiction. It also builds on your understanding of the relationship between gender and health outcomes as gender is an important variable in addiction.
PC Session: Culture and Health: Newcomers to Canada
This session explores various aspects of culture. We begin with a large group session that examines the ideas behind the notion of "cultural competence", using a social science perspective. The focus then turns to cross-cultural communication skills, and the development of a practical framework that can be used to enhance communication across cultural barriers. In the small group sessions, we will be welcoming visitors who are newcomers to Canada.
PC Session: Introduction to Indigenous People's Health
This session addresses the health of Indigenous people and the important determinants from an Indigenous perspective. Through this session students will begin to address the First Nations, Inuit and Metis Health Core Competencies in the area of Medical Expert and Professional.
PC Session: LGBTQ2S Health
The purpose of this session is to increase the capacity of medical students to respond compassionately, effectively and professionally to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S patients.
PC Session: Recognizing and Responding to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
This session provides you with an overview of how to recognize and respond to IPV, including epidemiology, signs and symptoms of exposure, approaches to assessment (including safety) and response (including referrals).
PC Session: Trauma Informed Care
This session will introduce the concepts of trauma and trauma-informed care to medical students. This session emphasizes the importance of identifying trauma and the impact on health. It builds on and extends the skills learned in the communication domain and reinforces concepts from the session on narrative medicine by emphasizing the importance of respectful and effective interactions with trauma survivors and helping students to appreciate the healing power in these interactions.
2.5 Apply principles of socio-behavioural sciences to the provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care-seeking, care concordance, care adherence and barriers to and attitudes toward care.
3.8 Obtain and use information about individual patients and their caregivers, populations of patients, or communities with which patients identify to improve care
5.5 Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to a diverse patient population, including all dimensions of diversity such as those that are included in human rights legislation and federal and provincial law.
5.6 Demonstrate a critical understanding of personal, professional and institutional power and privilege and utilize anti-oppressive practice to create patient experiences where marginalization and oppression are minimized.