Specific Clinical Presentations and Disease Problems in Internal Medicine: Describe key illnesses in the elderly, focusing on their often atypical presentation. (eg. Urinary tract infection, pneumonia, tuberculosis, depression, thyroid disease, myocardial infarction).

• Cardiac arrest
• Anemia
• Acid-base disorders
• Hypo/hypernatremia
• Hypo/hyperkalemia
• Acute renal failure
• Syncope
• Delirium
• Upper GI bleeding
• Lower GI bleeding
• Jaundice
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Dehydration
• Adverse drug reactions/drug allergies
• Shock
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Congestive heart failure
• Hypertension
• Pneumonia
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Venous thromboembolism (specifically: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism)
• Urinary tract infection
• Cerebrovascular disease (including stroke)
• Dementia
• Types I and II diabetes mellitus
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Cellulitis
• Pleural effusion
• Respiratory failure
• Thrombocytopenia
• Hypo/hypercalcemia
• Coma
• Seizures
• Hyperlipidemia
• Recurrent falls
• Valvular heart disease (specifically: mitral stenosis and regurgitation and aortic stenosis)
• Meningitis
• Hypo/hyperthyroidism
• Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis
• Connective tissue diseases (specifically: systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis)
• Cirrhosis
• Hepatitis : acute and chronic
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Shortness of breath
• Empyema
• Hemolysis
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Leukocytosis
• Leukopenia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Hepatomegaly
• Splenomegaly
• Acute pancreatitis
• Chronic renal failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Edema: generalized or peripheral
• Chest pain/angina
• Atrial fibrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia
• Bradyarrhythmias and heart block
• Pericarditis
• Endocarditis
• Toxidromes (specifically: aspirin, acetaminophen, opioids, cocaine)
• Gout /pseudo-gout
• Multiple myeloma
• Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s)
• Pyelonephritis
• Substance abuse (specifically: alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines)