Curriculum Renewal Objective archive

• It is important to be able to outline investigations of adrenal function and the management of patients with adrenal dysfunction.
• Students will be able to outline the long-term effects of diabetes mellitus, as it affects the eye, the kidney, sexual function, the cardiovascular system and peripheral nervous system as well as the effects of diabetes on lipid metabolism.
• Examine the psychology of chronic disease, the impact on the family and the roles of the health care team members.
• Genetics and mucosal immunity play important and prominent roles in determining what organisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract.
• Enteral nutrition sustains the gastrointestinal flora and nourishes the individual.
• Theme 1: Gamete to Sexually Mature Adult
• Compare and contrast the anatomy of the male and female reproductive tract.
• The locomotor system allows the individual to interact with his/her environment. The lower extremities in humans predominately allow ambulation. The upper extremities manipulate the environment via gross and fine motor tasks. The neurological system provides signals for movement and thought (in more advanced function). The musculoskeletal system carries out the actions. Even typing, talking and looking require adequate musculoskeletal function. The scope of musculoskeletal medicine is broad and includes investigation / assessment and treatment of abnormal function. This requires a good basic understanding of relevant anatomy, joint function and biomechanics. It is difficult if not impossible to understand the abnormal in MSK without knowing the normal.
• Understand common pain syndromes including an understanding of social and other factors that contribute to the complexity of these disorders.
• Explain the concepts of “pressure overload” and “volume overload” as they pertain to valvular disease.
• General Objectives
• Describe the mechanism of disease (pathophysiology, pathology).
• A basic understanding of the upper intake levels of nutrients to prevent adverse health effects.
• Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
• Adequate Intake (AI)
• Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
• The study of the sites and specific processes for the digestion and absorption of nutrients will provide an understanding of the functional units of the gastrointestinal system (from chewing and salivation in the mouth through to fecal excretion of unabsorbed food components) and the integration of muscular and enteric nervous system in the coordination and regulation of digestive activities.
• Knowledge of the normal processes are key to understanding the abnormalities that occur in nutritional status when disorder of neuromuscular disorders, infections, allergies or enzyme deficiencies (e.g., pancreatic enzymes in cystic fibrosis) or metabolism of nutrients is interrupted by endocrine abnormalities (e.g., insulin resistance in obesity), leading to altered nutritional homeostasis.
• Familiarity with reference standards for growth in infants and children produced by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta in 2000 and adopted by Canadian health professional societies in 2003 as well as the World Health Organization Child (0-5 years) Growth Charts.
• Investigation of the role of nutrition in disease prevention and treatment, students should explore the role of specific roles of bioactive nutrient and non-nutrient compounds and the potential for gene-nutrient interactions.
• Understand the gross anatomy of kidneys, ureter and bladder.
• Understand the microscopic structure of the nephron: the glomerulus and the renal tubule and its peritubular capillary.
• Understand the role of creatinine clearance in the estimation of GFR and be able to calculate GFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
• Define and understand the role of intravenous pyelography, isotope renography, retrograde pyelography, ultrasonography and angiography in the diagnosis of urinary tract disorder.
• Understand the mechanism by which a change in serum osmolality produces a corresponding change in ICF volume.
• Understand the mechanisms by which a change in the total amount of sodium in the body leads to a change in ECF volume.
• Understand the concept of anion gap and how it pertains to metabolic acidosis.
• Be able to calculate the anion gap and use this calculation to solve clinical problems.
• Describe how the glomerulus functions as a physiologic barrier to the excretion of protein in the urine. Diabetic nephropathy is a common example of this type of process and the treatments used in diabetes to reduce proteinuria will help you to understand glomerular hemodynamics.
• Understand the endocrine functions of the kidney:
• Understand the mechanism of action of ace inhibitor drugs and angiotensin receptor blocking drugs, how to use these drugs in patients with renal failure and the side effects of these agents.
• Understand the nephrotoxic potential of some classes of therapeutic medications.