John Franks is a 66-year-old male with a complicated course of Crohn’s disease over 30 years, requiring multiple surgical resections of his small bowel due to inflammation and obstruction. He has been treated with several immunosuppressive and biological treatments for his IBD, but has had a loss of response to these medications despite some temporary improvement in his disease activity. Despite currently being on ustekinumab (Stelara), John has had evidence of active disease and is currently on a tapering course of prednisone for a recent flare of his IBD. He was recently admitted to hospital with another partial small bowel obstruction and he is worried that he may need further surgery. "They’ve removed so much of my small intestine already that I am worried that I’m going to get short bowel syndrome." You discuss optimizing his dosages of his treatments in an attempt to induce remission of his disease, and to avoid the need for further surgery. He asks: "If I do have short bowel syndrome, what kind of special diet will I need to go on to maximize my nutrition?"